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Nabal

maleUnited Monarchy

Meaning: “Fool

A rich, harsh man of Maon whose insult to David nearly cost his household their lives, averted by his wise wife Abigail; he died ten days later.

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Biography

Nabal was a very rich but "churlish and evil" man of Maon who pastured his flocks at Carmel. His name means "fool," and Scripture says he lived up to it (1 Samuel 25:3, 25).

The insult

When David, who had protected Nabal's shepherds in the wilderness, sent men to ask for provisions, Nabal scornfully refused: "Who is David? and who is the son of Jesse?" (1 Samuel 25:10). Enraged, David set out to destroy every male of the household.

Abigail's intervention and Nabal's end

Nabal's wise wife Abigail rode out with generous gifts and a humble appeal, turning David from bloodshed. When she told Nabal the next morning, "his heart died within him, and he became as a stone," and ten days later the LORD struck him and he died (1 Samuel 25:37–38). David then took Abigail as his wife.

Life Timeline

1018 BC

Insults David's messengers and refuses provisions

1 Samuel 25:10
1018 BC

Struck by the LORD and dies

1 Samuel 25:38

On the Bible timeline

Nabal belongs to the Conquest & the Judges era (c. 1400 – 1050 BC).

  1. c. 1375 – 1050 BCThe Age of the Judges

Family Tree

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Themes & lessons from Nabal

Biblical themes that run through the passages where Nabal appears.

Nabal13×Wife10×Tact6×Fig4×Travellers4×Ingratitude3×Ahinoam2×Armies of Israel, the2×Prudence2×Revenge2×Salutations2×Oaths1×Railing1×Selfishness1×Servants1×Sheep1×Wine1×Wives1×

People they appear with

David9×
Abigail3×
Caleb1×
Jesse1×
Absalom1×
Daniel1×

Places in their story

Gath1×

Scripture Appearances

18 verses in 2 books
1 Samuel16 verses

1 Samuel 25:3

Now the name of the man was Nabal; and the name of his wife Abigail: and she was a woman of good understanding, and of a beautiful countenance: but the man was churlish and evil in his doings; and he was of the house of Caleb.

1 Samuel 25:4

And David heard in the wilderness that Nabal did shear his sheep.

1 Samuel 25:5

And David sent out ten young men, and David said unto the young men, Get you up to Carmel, and go to Nabal, and greet him in my name: greet: Heb. ask him in my name of peace

1 Samuel 25:9

And when David's young men came, they spake to Nabal according to all those words in the name of David, and ceased. ceased: Heb. rested

1 Samuel 25:10

And Nabal answered David's servants, and said, Who is David? and who is the son of Jesse? there be many servants now a days that break away every man from his master.

1 Samuel 25:14

But one of the young men told Abigail, Nabal's wife, saying, Behold, David sent messengers out of the wilderness to salute our master; and he railed on them. railed: Heb. flew upon them

1 Samuel 25:19

And she said unto her servants, Go on before me; behold, I come after you. But she told not her husband Nabal.

1 Samuel 25:25

Let not my lord, I pray thee, regard this man of Belial, even Nabal: for as his name is, so is he; Nabal is his name, and folly is with him: but I thine handmaid saw not the young men of my lord, whom thou didst send. regard: Heb. lay it to his heart Nabal: that is, Fool

1 Samuel 25:26

Now therefore, my lord, as the LORD liveth, and as thy soul liveth, seeing the LORD hath withholden thee from coming to shed blood, and from avenging thyself with thine own hand, now let thine enemies, and they that seek evil to my lord, be as Nabal. avenging: Heb. saving thyself

1 Samuel 25:34

For in very deed, as the LORD God of Israel liveth, which hath kept me back from hurting thee, except thou hadst hasted and come to meet me, surely there had not been left unto Nabal by the morning light any that pisseth against the wall.

1 Samuel 25:36

And Abigail came to Nabal; and, behold, he held a feast in his house, like the feast of a king; and Nabal's heart was merry within him, for he was very drunken: wherefore she told him nothing, less or more, until the morning light.

1 Samuel 25:37

But it came to pass in the morning, when the wine was gone out of Nabal, and his wife had told him these things, that his heart died within him, and he became as a stone.

1 Samuel 25:38

And it came to pass about ten days after, that the LORD smote Nabal, that he died.

1 Samuel 25:39

And when David heard that Nabal was dead, he said, Blessed be the LORD, that hath pleaded the cause of my reproach from the hand of Nabal, and hath kept his servant from evil: for the LORD hath returned the wickedness of Nabal upon his own head. And David sent and communed with Abigail, to take her to him to wife.

1 Samuel 27:3

And David dwelt with Achish at Gath, he and his men, every man with his household, even David with his two wives, Ahinoam the Jezreelitess, and Abigail the Carmelitess, Nabal's wife.

1 Samuel 30:5

And David's two wives were taken captives, Ahinoam the Jezreelitess, and Abigail the wife of Nabal the Carmelite.

2 Samuel2 verses

2 Samuel 2:2

So David went up thither, and his two wives also, Ahinoam the Jezreelitess, and Abigail Nabal's wife the Carmelite.

2 Samuel 3:3

And his second, Chileab, of Abigail the wife of Nabal the Carmelite; and the third, Absalom the son of Maacah the daughter of Talmai king of Geshur; Chileab: or, Daniel

Frequently asked about Nabal

Who was Nabal in the Bible?

A rich, harsh man of Maon whose insult to David nearly cost his household their lives, averted by his wise wife Abigail; he died ten days later.

What does the name Nabal mean?

The name Nabal means “Fool”.

What did Nabal do in the Bible?

Nabal served as wealthy landowner, of the tribe of Judah.

Where does Nabal appear in the Bible?

Nabal is mentioned 18 times across 2 books: 1 Samuel, 2 Samuel.

What can we learn from Nabal?

The story of Nabal touches on themes of nabal, wife, tact, fig — explore each to study the lessons drawn from Nabal's life.

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