Leviticus 8:31

Lev 8:13 . Offers a bullock for them as a sin-offering, Lev 8:14-17 . And a ram for a burnt-offering, Lev 8:18-21 . And another ram for a consecration-offering, Lev 8:22-24 . The fat, with cakes of unleavened bread, and the right shoulder of the ram, he offers as a wave-offering, and afterwards burns, Lev 8:25-28 . The breast, which was the part of Moses, he also waves, Lev 8:29 . And sprinkles oil and blood upon Aaron and his sons, Lev 8:30 . The flesh of the consecration ram is to be boiled and eaten at the door of the tabernacle, Lev 8:31 , Lev 8:32 . Moses commands Aaron and his sons to abide seven days at the door of the tabernacle of the congregation, which they do accordingly, Lev 8:33-36 . Verse 2 Take Aaron and his sons - The whole subject of this chapter has been anticipated in the notes, Exo 28:1 (note), etc., and Exo 29:1 (note), etc., in which all the sacrifices, rites, and ceremonies have been explained in considerable detail; and to those notes the reader is referred. It is only necessary to observe that Aaron and his sons were not anointed until now. Before, the thing was commanded; now, first performed. Verse 8 He put in the breastplate the Urim and the Thummim - The Urim and Thummim are here supposed to be something different from the breastplate itself. See Clarke's note on Exo 28:15 , See Clarke's note on Exo 28:16 , See Clarke's note on Exo 28:30 . Verse 9 And he put the mitre - See Clarke's note on Exo 28:36 . Verse 14 The bullock for the sin-offering - This was offered each day during the seven days of consecration. See Exo 29:36 . Verse 23 Put it upon the tip of Aaron's right ear, etc. - See this significant ceremony explained in the note on Exo 29:20 (note). Calmet remarks that the consecration of the high priest among the Romans bore a considerable resemblance to the consecration of the Jewish high priest. "The Roman priest, clothed with a garment of silk, his head covered with a crown of gold adorned with sacred ribbons, was conducted into a subterranean place, over which there was a floor of planks pierced through with many holes. On this floor they sacrificed a bullock, whose blood was freely poured out on the planks or floor, which running through the holes fell upon the priest, who stood under to receive this sacred aspersion, and who, in order to be completely covered with the blood, took care to present the whole of his body, his clothes, face, eyes, nose, lips, and even his tongue, to receive the drops of blood falling through the pierced floor above. Being completely covered with this sanguineous shower, he ascended from his subterranean place, and was acknowledged and adored by the people as Pontifex Maximus, or supreme high priest." These rites, which bear a striking allusion to those used in the consecration of Aaron, and from which they were probably borrowed, and disguised by the introduction of their own superstitions, are particularly described by Aurelius Prudentius, in his poem entitled Romani Martyris Supplicium, from which I shall select those verses, the subject of which is given above, as the passage is curious, and the work not common. "Summus sacerdos nempe sub terram scrobe Acta in profundum consecrandus mergitur, Mire infulatus, festa vittis tempora Nectens, corona tum repexus aurea, Cinctu Gabino sericam fultus togam. Tabulis superne strata texunt pulpita, Rimosa rari pegmatis compagibus, Scindunt subinde vel terebrant aream, Crebroque lignum perforant acumine, Pateat minutis ut frequens hiatibus - Hic ut statuta est immolanda bellua, Pectus sacrata dividunt venabulo, Eructat amplum volnus undam sanguinis - etc. Tum per frequentes mille rimarum vias Illapsus imber, tabidum rorem pluit, Defossus intus quem sacerdos excipit, Guttas ad omnes turpe subjectans caput, Et veste et omni putrefactus corpore: Quin os supinat, obvias offert genas Supponit aures, labra, nares objicit, Oculos et ipsos perluit liquoribus, Nec jam palato parcit, et linguam rigat, Donec cruorem totus atrum combibat - Procedit inde pontifex vlsu horridus - etc. Omnes salutant atque adorant eminus, Vilis quod illum sanguls, et bos mortuus Foedis latentem sub cavernis laverint." Of these lines the reader will not be displeased to find the following poetical version: - "For when, with sacred pomp and solemn state, Their great high priest the Romans consecrate, His silken vest in Gabine cincture bound, A festal fillet twines his temples round: And, while aloft the gorgeous mitre shines, His awful brow a golden crown confines. In a deep dyke, for mystic ritual made, He stands, surrounded with terrific shade. High o'er his holy head a stage they place, Adorn with paintings, and with statues grace; Then with keen piercers perforate the floor, Till thronging apertures admit no more. Thither the victim ox is now convey'd, To glut the vengeance of the thirsty blade. The sacred spear his sturdy throat divides, Down, instant streaming, gush the gory tides, Through countless crevices the gaping wood Distils corrupted dew and smoking blood; Drop after drop, in swift succession shed, Falls on the holy pontiff's mitred head; While, to imbibe the sanctifying power, His outspread garments drink the crimson shower; Then on his back in reeking streams he lies, And laves in livid blood his lips and eyes; Bares every limb, exposes every pore, To catch the virtue of the streaming gore; With open mouth expects the falling flood, Moistens his palate and his tongue with blood; Extends his ears to meet the sanguine rain, Nor lets a single drop descend in vain. Then from the gloomy cave comes forth to light, Bathed in black blood, and horrible to sight! - By the vile torrent, and the victim slain, In the dark cavern cleansed from mortal stain, Their priest, enveloped in atoning gore, With trembling awe surrounding throngs adore." Prudentius was born about the middle of the fourth century, and was no doubt intimately acquainted with the circumstances he describes. Verse 27 And waved them for a wave-offering - See the nature of this and the heave-offering in the note on Exo 29:27 (note). Verse 30 And Moses took - the blood - and sprinkled it upon Aaron, etc. - Thus we find that the high priest himself must be sprinkled with the blood of the sacrifice; and our blessed Lord, of whom Aaron was a type, was sprinkled with his own blood. 1. In his agony in the garden. 2. In his being crowned with thorns. 3. In the piercing of his hands and his feet. And, 4. In his side being pierced with the spear. All these were so many acts of atonement performed by the high priest. Verse 33 For seven days shall he consecrate you - This number was the number of perfection among the Hebrews; and the seven days' consecration implied a perfect and full consecration to the sacerdotal office. See Clarke's note on Exo 29:30 . Verse 36 So Aaron and his sons did - This chapter shows the exact fulfillment of the commands delivered to Moses, Exodus 29; and consequently the complete preparation of Aaron and his sons to fill the awfully important office of priests and mediators between God and Israel, to offer sacrifices and make atonement for the sins of the people. "Thus," says Mr. Ainsworth, "the covenant of the priesthood was confirmed unto the tribe of Levi in Aaron and his sons, which covenant was life and peace, Mal 2:5 . But these are made priests without an oath; also, there were many priests, because they were not suffered to continue by reason of death; and they served unto the example and shadow of heavenly things, offering gifts and sacrifices which could not make him who did the service perfect as pertaining to the conscience; for they were carnal ordinances imposed upon them till the time of reformation, that is, until the time of Christ, who was made a priest of God with an oath, and made surety of a better covenant established on better promises. And because he continueth for ever, he hath a priesthood which passeth not from one to another, and is a minister of the true tabernacle, which God pitched and not man. Not by the blood of bulls and of goats, but by his own blood, he entered once into the holy place, having found everlasting redemption for us; and is therefore able to save to the uttermost them who come unto God through him, as he ever liveth to make intercession for them." Taken in reference to his priesthood and sacrifice, all these rites and ceremonies are significant and edifying, but taken out of his relation, they would be as absurd and nugatory as the consecration of the Roman Pontifex Maximus, mentioned above by Prudentius. Introduction Aaron is commanded to offer, on the eighth day, a sin-offering and a burnt-offering, Lev 9:1 , Lev 9:2 . The people a

31 And Moses said unto Aaron and to his sons, Boil the flesh at the door of the tabernacle of the congregation: and there eat it with the bread that is in the basket of consecrations, as I commanded, saying, Aaron and his sons shall eat it. 32 And that which remaineth of the flesh and of the bread shall ye burn with fire. 33 And ye shall not go out of the door of the tabernacle of the congregation in seven days, until the days of your consecration be at an end: for seven days shall he consecrate you. 34 As he hath done this day, so the Lord hath commanded to do, to make an atonement for you. 35 Therefore shall ye abide at the door of the tabernacle of the congregation day and night seven days, and keep the charge of the Lord , that ye die not: for so I am commanded. 36 So Aaron and his sons did all things which the Lord commanded by the hand of Moses. Moses, having done his part of the ceremony, now leaves Aaron and his sons to do theirs. I. They must boil the flesh of their peace-offering, and eat it in the court of the tabernacle, and what remained they must burn with fire, v. 31, 32 . This signified their thankful consent to the consecration: when God gave Ezekiel his commission, he told him to eat the roll, Ezek. iii. 1, 2 . II. They must not stir out of the court of the tabernacle for seven days, v. 33 . The priesthood being a good warfare, they must thus learn to endure hardness, and to disentangle themselves from the affairs of this life, 2 Tim. ii. 3, 4 . Being consecrated to their service, they must give themselves wholly to it, and attend continually to this very thing. Thus Christ's apostles were appointed to wait for the promise of the Father, Acts i. 4 . During this time appointed for their consecration, they were daily to repeat the same sacrifices which were offered the first day, v. 34 . This shows the imperfection of the legal sacrifices, which, because they could not take away sin, were often repeated ( Heb. x. 1, 2 ), but were here repeated seven times (a number of perfection), because they typified that one offering, which perfected for ever those that were sanctified. The work lasted seven days; for it was a kind of creation: and this time was appointed in honour of the sabbath, which, probably, was the last day of the seven, for which they were to prepare during the six days. Thus the time of our life, like the six days, must be our preparation for the perfection of our consecration to God in the everlasting sabbath: they attended day and night ( v. 35 ), and so constant should we be in our meditation on God's law, Ps. i. 2 . They attended to keep the charge of the Lord: we have every one of us a charge to keep, an eternal God to glorify, an immortal soul to provide for, needful duty to be done, our generation to serve; and it must be our daily care to keep this charge, for it is the charge of the Lord our Master, who will shortly call us to an account about it, and it is at our utmost peril if we neglect it. Keep it that you die not; it is death, eternal death, to betray the trust we are charged with; by the consideration of this we must be kept in awe. Lastly, We are told ( v. 36 ) that Aaron and his sons did all that was commanded. Thus their consecration was completed; and thus they set an example before the people of an exact obedience to the laws of sacrifices now newly given, and then they could with the better grace teach them. Thus the covenant of peace ( Num. xxv. 12 ), of life and peace ( Mal. ii. 5 ), was made with Aaron and his sons; but after all the ceremonies that were used in their consecration there was one point of ratification which was reserved to be the honour and establishment of Christ's priesthood, which was this, that they were made priests without an oath, but Christ with an oath ( Hab. vii. 21 ), for neither such priests nor their priesthood could continue, but Christ's is a perpetual and unchangeable priesthood. Gospel ministers are compared to those who served at the altar, for they minister about holy things ( 1 Cor. ix. 13 ), they are God's mouth to the people and the people's to God, the pastors and teachers Christ has appointed to continue in the church to the end of the world: they seem to be meant in that promise which points at gospel times ( Isa. lvi. 21 ), I will take of them for priests and for Levites. No man may take this honour to himself, but he who upon trial is found to be clothed and anointed by the Spirit of God with gifts and graces to qualify him for it, and who with purpose of heart devotes himself entirely to the service, and is then by the word and prayer (for so every thing is sanctified), and the imposition of the hands of those that give themselves to the word and prayer, set apart to the office, and recommended to Christ as a servant and to the church as a steward and guide. And those that are thus solemnly dedicated to God ought not to depart from his service, but faithfully to abide in it all their days; and those that do so, and continue labouring in the word and doctrine, are to be accounted worthy of double honour, double to that of the Old-Testament priests.

The flesh - That which was left of the ram, and particularly the breast, which was said to be Moses's part, Lev 8:29 , and by him was given to Aaron, that he and his sons might eat of it, in token that they and only they should have the right to do so for the future.