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Meaning: “Priestly vestment

The high priest carried Israel’s names on his shoulders and heart before God.

The richly woven vestment of the high priest, bearing the breastplate with the twelve tribal stones.

What It Was

The ephod was a sleeveless vestment of gold, blue, purple, scarlet and fine twined linen (Exodus 28:6). On its shoulders were two onyx stones engraved with the names of Israel’s tribes, and to it was bound the breastplate of judgment with twelve gemstones (Exodus 28:9–21).

Biblical Significance & Symbolism

The high priest bore the names of all the tribes “upon his two shoulders for a memorial” and “upon his heart” (Exodus 28:12, 29) — a beautiful picture of Christ, who carries his people on his shoulders (strength) and over his heart (love) as he intercedes.

Timeline

1446 BC

Made for Aaron the high priest

Exodus 39:2

Scripture References

40 verses
Exodus23 verses

Exodus 25:7

Onyx stones, and stones to be set in the ephod, and in the breastplate.

Exodus 28:4

And these are the garments which they shall make; a breastplate, and an ephod, and a robe, and a broidered coat, a mitre, and a girdle: and they shall make holy garments for Aaron thy brother, and his sons, that he may minister unto me in the priest's office.

Exodus 28:6

And they shall make the ephod of gold, of blue, and of purple, of scarlet, and fine twined linen, with cunning work.

Exodus 28:8

And the curious girdle of the ephod, which is upon it, shall be of the same, according to the work thereof; even of gold, of blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine twined linen. curious: or, embroidered

Exodus 28:12

And thou shalt put the two stones upon the shoulders of the ephod for stones of memorial unto the children of Israel: and Aaron shall bear their names before the LORD upon his two shoulders for a memorial.

Exodus 28:15

And thou shalt make the breastplate of judgment with cunning work; after the work of the ephod thou shalt make it; of gold, of blue, and of purple, and of scarlet, and of fine twined linen, shalt thou make it.

Exodus 28:25

And the other two ends of the two wreathen chains thou shalt fasten in the two ouches, and put them on the shoulderpieces of the ephod before it.

Exodus 28:26

And thou shalt make two rings of gold, and thou shalt put them upon the two ends of the breastplate in the border thereof, which is in the side of the ephod inward.

Exodus 28:27

And two other rings of gold thou shalt make, and shalt put them on the two sides of the ephod underneath, toward the forepart thereof, over against the other coupling thereof, above the curious girdle of the ephod.

Exodus 28:28

And they shall bind the breastplate by the rings thereof unto the rings of the ephod with a lace of blue, that it may be above the curious girdle of the ephod, and that the breastplate be not loosed from the ephod.

Exodus 28:31

And thou shalt make the robe of the ephod all of blue.

Exodus 29:5

And thou shalt take the garments, and put upon Aaron the coat, and the robe of the ephod, and the ephod, and the breastplate, and gird him with the curious girdle of the ephod:

Exodus 35:9

And onyx stones, and stones to be set for the ephod, and for the breastplate.

Exodus 35:27

And the rulers brought onyx stones, and stones to be set, for the ephod, and for the breastplate;

Exodus 39:2

And he made the ephod of gold, blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine twined linen.

Exodus 39:5

And the curious girdle of his ephod, that was upon it, was of the same, according to the work thereof; of gold, blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine twined linen; as the LORD commanded Moses.

Exodus 39:7

And he put them on the shoulders of the ephod, that they should be stones for a memorial to the children of Israel; as the LORD commanded Moses.

Exodus 39:8

And he made the breastplate of cunning work, like the work of the ephod; of gold, blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine twined linen.

Exodus 39:18

And the two ends of the two wreathen chains they fastened in the two ouches, and put them on the shoulderpieces of the ephod, before it.

Exodus 39:19

And they made two rings of gold, and put them on the two ends of the breastplate, upon the border of it, which was on the side of the ephod inward.

Exodus 39:20

And they made two other golden rings, and put them on the two sides of the ephod underneath, toward the forepart of it, over against the other coupling thereof, above the curious girdle of the ephod.

Exodus 39:21

And they did bind the breastplate by his rings unto the rings of the ephod with a lace of blue, that it might be above the curious girdle of the ephod, and that the breastplate might not be loosed from the ephod; as the LORD commanded Moses.

Exodus 39:22

And he made the robe of the ephod of woven work, all of blue.

Leviticus1 verse

Leviticus 8:7

And he put upon him the coat, and girded him with the girdle, and clothed him with the robe, and put the ephod upon him, and he girded him with the curious girdle of the ephod, and bound it unto him therewith.

Judges6 verses

Judges 8:27

And Gideon made an ephod thereof, and put it in his city, even in Ophrah: and all Israel went thither a whoring after it: which thing became a snare unto Gideon, and to his house.

Judges 17:5

And the man Micah had an house of gods, and made an ephod, and teraphim, and consecrated one of his sons, who became his priest. consecrated: Heb. filled the hand

Judges 18:14

Then answered the five men that went to spy out the country of Laish, and said unto their brethren, Do ye know that there is in these houses an ephod, and teraphim, and a graven image, and a molten image? now therefore consider what ye have to do.

Judges 18:17

And the five men that went to spy out the land went up, and came in thither, and took the graven image, and the ephod, and the teraphim, and the molten image: and the priest stood in the entering of the gate with the six hundred men that were appointed with weapons of war.

Judges 18:18

And these went into Micah's house, and fetched the carved image, the ephod, and the teraphim, and the molten image. Then said the priest unto them, What do ye?

Judges 18:20

And the priest's heart was glad, and he took the ephod, and the teraphim, and the graven image, and went in the midst of the people.

1 Samuel8 verses

1 Samuel 2:18

But Samuel ministered before the LORD, being a child, girded with a linen ephod.

1 Samuel 2:28

And did I choose him out of all the tribes of Israel to be my priest, to offer upon mine altar, to burn incense, to wear an ephod before me? and did I give unto the house of thy father all the offerings made by fire of the children of Israel?

1 Samuel 14:3

And Ahiah, the son of Ahitub, Ichabod's brother, the son of Phinehas, the son of Eli, the LORD'S priest in Shiloh, wearing an ephod. And the people knew not that Jonathan was gone. Ahiah: called Ahimelech

1 Samuel 21:9

And the priest said, The sword of Goliath the Philistine, whom thou slewest in the valley of Elah, behold, it is here wrapped in a cloth behind the ephod: if thou wilt take that, take it: for there is no other save that here. And David said, There is none like that; give it me.

1 Samuel 22:18

And the king said to Doeg, Turn thou, and fall upon the priests. And Doeg the Edomite turned, and he fell upon the priests, and slew on that day fourscore and five persons that did wear a linen ephod.

1 Samuel 23:6

And it came to pass, when Abiathar the son of Ahimelech fled to David to Keilah, that he came down with an ephod in his hand.

1 Samuel 23:9

And David knew that Saul secretly practised mischief against him; and he said to Abiathar the priest, Bring hither the ephod.

1 Samuel 30:7

And David said to Abiathar the priest, Ahimelech's son, I pray thee, bring me hither the ephod. And Abiathar brought thither the ephod to David.

2 Samuel1 verse

2 Samuel 6:14

And David danced before the LORD with all his might; and David was girded with a linen ephod.

Hosea1 verse

Hosea 3:4

For the children of Israel shall abide many days without a king, and without a prince, and without a sacrifice, and without an image, and without an ephod, and without teraphim: image: Heb. a standing, or, statue, or, pillar

Topics & Symbolism

Biblical themes this object points to and helps interpret.

PriesthoodIntercessionBreastplate8×High Priest, the8×Ephod, the6×Teraphim5×Dan, the Tribe Of3×Liberality3×Onyx3×Tabernacle3×Girdle2×Gold2×Hophni2×Linen2×Precious Stones2×Theocracy, The, or Immediate Government By God2×Urim and Thummin2×Ahiah1×Ahitub1×Ark of the Covenant1×

Related people

Aaron
Moses

Related objects

Urim and Thummim
Tabernacle

People associated with this object

David5×
Aaron3×
Moses3×
Ahimelech3×
Abiathar3×
Gideon1×
Samuel1×
Jonathan1×
Eli1×
Goliath1×
Doeg1×
Saul1×

Places it appears with

Ophrah1×
Dan (Laish)1×
Shiloh1×

Frequently asked about The Ephod

What was The Ephod in the Bible?

The richly woven vestment of the high priest, bearing the breastplate with the twelve tribal stones.

What does The Ephod symbolize?

The high priest carried Israel’s names on his shoulders and heart before God.

What does the name The Ephod mean?

The name The Ephod means “Priestly vestment”.

What was The Ephod made of?

The Ephod was made of gold, blue, purple, scarlet and fine linen.

Who made The Ephod?

The Ephod was made by Skilled craftsmen at Sinai.

Where was The Ephod kept?

The Ephod was kept at Worn by the high priest.

Where is The Ephod first mentioned in the Bible?

The Ephod is first mentioned in Exodus 25:7.

How often is The Ephod mentioned in the Bible?

The Ephod is mentioned in 40 verses across 6 books: Exodus, Leviticus, Judges, 1 Samuel, 2 Samuel, Hosea.

What was the ephod?

The richly woven outer vestment of the high priest, holding the breastplate set with twelve stones for the tribes of Israel.

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